Laminectomy
Spinal decompression surgery that removes bone to relieve nerve pressure
A laminectomy — also called spinal decompression surgery — involves removing part or all of the lamina (the back portion of a vertebra) to create more space inside the spinal canal. This relieves pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. It is the most common surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis and is also used for cervical stenosis and conditions that cause myelopathy (spinal cord compression).
Who Is a Candidate?
- Lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication (leg pain with walking) not responsive to conservative care
- Cervical stenosis causing myelopathy (spinal cord dysfunction)
- Symptomatic spinal cord compression from bone spurs, thickened ligaments, or tumors
- Degenerative changes causing significant nerve root compression
- Failure of at least 3–6 months of conservative treatment including physical therapy and injections
What to Expect
1Before Surgery
Pre-operative MRI or CT myelogram confirms the level and severity of stenosis. Blood work and cardiac clearance may be required, especially for older adults. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. Plan for a 1–2 night hospital stay.
2The Procedure
The surgeon makes an incision over the affected vertebral levels in the back. After moving the back muscles aside, part or all of the lamina (bony arch at the back of the vertebra) is removed along with any thickened ligaments or bone spurs compressing the nerves. Multiple levels can be treated in one operation. A lumbar laminectomy typically takes 1–2 hours; multilevel procedures take longer.
3Recovery
Most patients walk the day after surgery. Discharge typically occurs within 1–2 days. You can usually return to light activities in 2–4 weeks and desk work in 4–6 weeks. Physical therapy begins 4–6 weeks post-op. Full recovery from a lumbar laminectomy typically takes 6–12 weeks; recovery is longer if fusion was also performed.
Typical Outcomes
Laminectomy is highly effective for neurogenic claudication — approximately 85% of patients experience significant improvement in walking ability and leg symptoms. Back pain improvement is less predictable. Results are best when surgery is performed before severe nerve damage has occurred. The procedure treats the existing stenosis but does not prevent future degeneration.
Risks & Considerations
- Spinal instability (if excessive bone is removed, fusion may be needed)
- Dural tear causing cerebrospinal fluid leak (2–4%)
- Infection (1–2%)
- Recurrent stenosis if degenerative changes progress
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis) — early walking reduces risk
- Incomplete relief if multiple pain generators are present
Frequently Asked Questions
Is laminectomy the same as spinal fusion?
No. Laminectomy removes bone to relieve nerve compression. Spinal fusion joins two or more vertebrae together to prevent motion. They are often combined — particularly if laminectomy removes enough bone that spinal stability is compromised, or if spondylolisthesis (vertebral slippage) is present. A straightforward laminectomy for stenosis often does not require fusion.
How long does laminectomy pain relief last?
For most patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, laminectomy provides durable relief — studies show about 70–80% of patients maintain improved function 5 years after surgery. However, the underlying degenerative process continues, and some patients develop recurrent symptoms years later, sometimes requiring additional treatment.
Can laminectomy be done minimally invasively?
Yes. Minimally invasive laminectomy (or "microdecompression") uses a smaller incision and tubular retractors to access the spine with less muscle damage than traditional open surgery. It is well-suited for single or two-level stenosis and generally results in less post-operative pain and faster recovery.
What is a laminotomy vs. a laminectomy?
A laminotomy removes only a portion of the lamina — creating a window rather than removing the entire arch. A laminectomy removes more of the lamina. Laminotomy is less disruptive to the spine's structural stability and is often used for single-level herniations. Laminectomy is used when wider decompression of multiple levels is needed, such as in significant stenosis.
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Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or surgical procedure. Last reviewed March 2026. CPT: 63047.